what!! izzie, what are you doing? look. what's wrong with that? "unique," what does that mean? how should i know? oh! you don't get it.i need a girl opinion. (meg)we became interestedin the health of the reefs. (elle)if the reefs are gone,the fish are gonna be gone.
we began to ask questions. (izzie)i wonder if we'll seemore fish here. (meg)and it becamethis full-on investigation. (izzie)next on "scigirls!" (meg)it's gonna be really cool! funding for "scigirls"is provided by the following... the nationalscience foundation-- supporting educationand research across all fieldsof science and engineering.
the national sciencefoundation-- where discoveries begin! (woman) math and science areeverywhere. they're the building blocksof tomorrow. that's why exxon mobilesponsors programs to get kids excited about math, science,engineering, and technology so one day they may becomethe scientists of the future. (girls)♪ s-c-i-g-i-r-l-s ♪ (izzie)♪ we need you ♪
(izzie)♪ come on! ♪ ♪ when i need help,and i've got a question ♪ ♪ there's a placei go for inspiration ♪ ♪ gotta get to the web, checkthe girls' investigation ♪ ♪ what girls? ♪ (izzie)♪ scigirls! ♪ whoo! (izzie)♪ i need you! ♪ ♪ you've gotta log on, post, ♪
♪ upload, pitch in! yeah! ♪ ♪ wanna get inside a worldthat's fascinating? ♪ ♪ the time is right 'causescigirls are waiting, ♪ (izzie)♪ we need you! ♪ (izzie)♪ scigirls!! ♪ iz? your mom saidyou were down here. what? class superlatives cameout today. did you see them?
no, but whateverthey said you were, it isn't worth hiding out inyour dryer for the next 2 years. i'm not hiding, i'mtrying to figure it out. so?what's wrong with that? "unique?" what doesthat mean, "unique?" unique good, unique bad?how am i supposed to know? hmm, good question. hey look!i'm in here. (izzie)yeah, yeah, yeah.
(jake) "most likelyto embarrass himself on the casting specialfor american idol?" whoa! they like me! they really like me, iz! oh jake, focus! the question isdo they like the way i dress? oh forget it!i need a girl opinion... a scigirl opinion!see ya. ladies! i have a fashion emergency.
hum. hmm, next. oo, colored fish,colored clothes. hmm, i wonder... oh my gosh,i've never been up here before! my name is meg,i'm 14 years old. i've dove like, way on theother side of the island. i'm an older sister. my younger sister is also here. i've never scuba dived with herbefore so it could be different.
my name is elle,and i'm 13 years old. we are going into avalonon catalina island. (meg)my sister and i,we went to camp this year. we both became interestedin the health of the reefs around toyon bayon catalina island. we began to ask questions about like, are the reefs healthy,how can we learn more? you definitely should careabout protecting the reefs because they're a source offood for the fish, protection,
shelter, oxygen,everything we pretty much need, and the fish need. if the reefs are gone,the fish are going to be gone, and then when the fish are gone,the ocean is going to die away. ♪♪ los angeles is right there,and catalina is right here. yeah, so we started here,and we took a boat out to here. and if you actuallylook really carefully, right there is cherry cove.
toyon bay. toyon bay i mean. are we gonnaplay frisbee? yeah. awesome. i'm not very good.it might go in the water. i have to flat out say i'mnot the perfect older sister. try to go long. (izzie) throw it to me!throw it to me! (elle)having a scuba sisteris a lot of fun
because since i'mfairly new to it, she can tell me all the tricks, and what to doand what not to do. (meg)she doesn't really enjoy itif i try to teach her things. she likes to learn on her own. i haven't often try to mentorher on how to scuba dive. (elle)this is the hardestrock wall on this rock wall. some of the things i wantto experience on my own, and she always wantsto tell me what to do.
(meg)titi, do not gohigher than the first one without a harness, please. funny. not like in a bad way,but she wants to help me. she's a good sister. i can think of worse sisters,i definitely could. i doubt she'll ever bethe perfect little sister. there's no such thing, but she'sa pretty good little sister. hey, what's the garibaldi'sscientific name?
(elle mispronounces)"hypsypops rubicundus." nice try. somebody who works at camp recommended meeting colleenfrom reef check. i'm not trying to pronounceall of these scientific names. hi ladies. hi, how are you? i'm colleen from reef check. hi.
i'm meg. i'm elle. nice to meet you.your instructor told me you wanted to learn alittle more about reefs. yeah! by meeting her, it kind ofopened up a whole door to learning more, and comparing, and it just becamethis full-on investigation. it started off with--are the reefs healthy? so you guys count the fishto see how healthy it is?
we do,we go out, we count fish, we count invertebrates,we count seaweed. we look at the bottom, and wesee what's going on out there. i work with volunteer divers, and we call themcitizen scientists, and they go out with usto help us collect this data, because the 5 of us that workat reef check wouldn't possibly be able to go out and get allof this information ourselves all throughout thestate of california.
so we need a lot of help. (elle)so is that whatwe're going to be doing? so what we can do is try to puttogether something for teenagers that might be a little easierfor us to do in a couple days, and we can have you guys workas citizen scientists as well, and we can try to figureout what our reefs are doing here on catalina island. (elle)that'd be so much fun! citizen scientist izzieready for duty!
i want to see how much you guysknow about some of the specieswe have around here. you can quiz us. i'll do a quick quiz.ladies, what is this fish here? blacksmith. i'll pickthis one. kelp bass! this is one of myfavorites as well. garibaldi! (colleen) do you knowwhat these... (meg) isthat a female sheephead?
(colleen)yes, it is a female sheephead. do you know the differencebetween a male and a female? (meg)the male has theblack and red stripes. all sheephead are born female, and when they get to beabout 8 years old or so and they need to startthinking about reproducing, the 2 biggest females inthe group will kind of come up to each other and dothis big open mouth contest to figure out who'sgoing to be the bigger one,
and whoever wins that contestends up turning into a male. what tends to be living onsome of our rocky reef sides? (meg)plants or animals? (colleen)well, all of it, right? (meg)there's a lot of kelp forests,and there's sea urchins that feed on the kelpand stuff like that. there are a bunch of fish. there's allof these animals. (colleen)okay great!so it's not just one thing
we're looking at. we're notlooking at say, just kelp or just leopard sharksor things like that. it's a lot of thingskind of living and working togetherin one ecosystem. what we can try to do maybe islook at a couple different reefs that maybe have differentamounts of humans on them to see if there'sa difference between them and see what'sgoing on out there. see which one's healthier,which one's not?
an easy way to do thatis to pick what we call indicator species. if we pick a few of thosethat kind of have a key part of this ecosystem,what we can do is count those numbers and comparethem between 2 different sites. meg and elle are going to belooking at 8 indicator species. so each one was chosenfor a special reason, either what it eats, or ifit's commercially harvested, or if it just plays animportant role in the ecosystem.
(meg)we are in the invertebrate lab. this is a sea cucumber,and it's kind of scared because i touched it,so it's swollen up. if you kiss a sea cucumber,you get 7 years of good luck. let's do it.1, 2, 3! okay.mmmm-wa! ew! yuk! an invertebrate is a sea animalthat does not have any bones. so most important is,it does not have a spine.
i like invertebratesbecause they're fun. feel him... (colleen)okay good one!you got it! you got it! (colleen)you got it. grab it. nice one! so are there any animals herethat are indicator species? so one of them that i wasthinking of was the sea urchin. (izzie)whoa, spikey! (colleen)these guys have 5 kind of teethon the underside of their body,
and that's how they eat. if they're eatinga lot of the seaweed, these might be good to know. also, we've gotour sea cucumber. i was thinking that might be a good thing for usto look at as well. because they're so popular,they're everywhere. a couple of otheranimals over here. it's actuallycalled a gorgonian.
now these guys,if you look really closely at what looks like a plant,do you see how there's lots of little flower-looking thingson these guys? (scigirls) yeah. the gorgonian has lots of littlethings that are like anemones they're called polyps.so on one gorgonian, there could be thousands ofpolyps living together on this. (elle)there's so many, it looks likeit's covered in snow. wow, sea urchins, cucumbers, indicator species. got it!
i'm sure you knowwhat this stuff is. (elle) seaweed.(meg) kelp. (colleen)what might this be importantfor? (elle) food, homes. (colleen)yeah, it's going to bea great food source. shelter. yeah, for the kelp fish, it's aneasy way to hide from predators. (colleen)exactly. anything else?(meg) oxygen. oxygen, right? so it's reallyimportant for that as well. so those are kind of my 3big reasons why i think kelp is so important outthere in the ocean.
it's alsoin a lot of products we use you guys probably are aware of. (meg) toothpaste. (colleen) and?(scigirls) ice cream. (izzie) toothpasteand ice cream? seriously? i thinkwe should have some way torecord information underwater. i have these data slatesthat we can use underwater, and there'sone for each of you. we talked about 4 speciesof fish that we can use as indicator organisms.we talked about 3 species
of inverts, or invertebrates,and one species of seaweed. so i made up this littledata sheet that we can use, and what'll happen is this hasbeen printed on this really cool underwater paper.what you would do is, count how many of each of theseorganisms you see. (meg) okay. (colleen)so i saw 7 blacksmith,i saw 2 garibaldi, whatever. we want to make surewe have some watches so we can record ourstarting and ending times. the indicator speciesthat we were looking for
were the blacksmith, garibaldi, kelp/calico bass, sheephead, male and female, gorgonian, sea urchin, cucumber, and the giant kelp. we can lay down a measuringtape on the bottom and use that as our guide. we swim along that tape and lookon either side of that line and see what we're seeingas we go.
you can dive downor swim at the surface. (meg)are you going to usean actual line like a rope? (colleen)i have a measuring tape. we'll go out, and we'll doseveral replications of this. so we want to dothis over and over instead of just doing it once we can really get a good ideaof what's going on out there. then we'll come back,we'll tally it up, and we'll compare all of ournumbers and see what we find.
(izzie)let's meet elle. hi. my name is elle. i want to be a veterinarian,for big animals, actually. i have 2 horses, blackieand slurpie, one dog, gem, one leopard gecko, finn, 5chickens, a bunny named monty, 2 cats, ashy and smudge. (izzie) bye elle! (elle) bye! (elle)we're heading outto a dive spot. we are going to investigatehow many, like, the population
and whether it's a healthyreef or a nonhealthy reef. whoo-hoo! here we go!hold on tight! (meg)maybe because i've beenscuba diving longer than her, so i have moredives under my belt, and the little thingsthat my sister can do-- we're sisters-- little thingstick us off. we're like, ahh!! it could work,it could work peaceably, or it could work world war iii.so, who knows? (meg) what place is this?(colleen) this is called
lions head, this is actuallya great spot. we'll bemostly out of the winds. we should be protectedfrom the surge as well, so we won't be moving backand forth in the water as much, which is gonna be really nicefor us. it's not protected. not a lot of divers come here,but it does get fished a lot. (izzie)hm! so this isthe unprotected reef. i'll lay the transect down,you guys will each do your one count, and then we'llmove it and do the same thing
at a slightly different spot,and then a 3rd spot. so we're doing3 total trials, just each one isin a different area? yeah, so each personwill count each line once. okay. all right. here are our wetsuit babies. we've got all of our stuff. it makes it look even morelike a bathing suit, if you put the hood inlike that.
you're gonna be cold in that. okay, 1, 2, 3. how do i look? all right, let's getthat left booty on. i'm not getting' cold. tell me you got 2 left booties.are you kidding me? if you gotta do it,you gotta do it. (laughs)you got 2 left booties! (izzie laughs)i've heard of 2 left feetin dancing, but snorkeling?
got it! wow,that feels weird! instead of being side-by-side,we're gonna go end-to-end like this,just like we discussed. and if you have anyproblems, let me know. what are our signalsif we're having an issue? and wavingif we're in trouble. okay, great.sounds good. (soft gurgling) cold. very, very cold.
(meg)when i was little, i used tothink that being a scientist was wearing a lab coat and the safety gogglesand mixing chemicals. but then there's also the kindof scientist that colleen is. you get to go scuba diving,and you get to study fish. there's so many differenttypes of sciences that people can study. (colleen)who's going to be firston our first one? i will go first.
i said it, you justraised your hand-- i win. (colleen)meg will go firston the first one, you'll go firston the 2nd one. (meg)okay, i'm starting. (colleen)okay, let's do a headstart.i'm ready, set, go! (elle)we tried thetransect dive method, and with the transect, you havea line that you're following, and a meter on either sidewas our boundary to see if any fishor invertebrates
or any of our indicator specieswent into that boundary. and if it did,then we would mark it down. (meg)it was fun because onceyou get the transect method, you kind of get into a zone,and you totally space out, and you just focus onwhat the task is at hand. (izzie)i'm trying to finda unique fish, like me! (meg)there were definitely many differenttypes of kelp on this dive. it was harder to distinguishthe certain kind of kelp
that we're goingto work on from giant kelp. (elle)i definitely go with the motionof swaying back and forth. i guess in a way you couldsee more doing that because you're not focused onfighting the current. i saw a couple kelp bass,a bunch of garibaldi, and a bunch ofthe kelp--it was really pretty. (colleen)let's go ahead andtally up our data sheets, put totals before we forget. (meg)those boat rides are always
some of my favorite timesat camp just because you are soburnt out from scuba diving or snorkeling,and you're on this boat, and you're seeingthe entire island. so that's my favorite part. (colleen)tomorrow we are goingto the protected reef at the avalon dive parkto see if anything changes from unprotected to protected. now this is still pretty earlyin the morning
so it's not that crowded yet. it is the summer here oncatalina on a weekend, and so my prediction iswe're going to have probably about 100 divers hereby the mid afternoon. it drops off pretty quick,so by the time you get to the outer edge of the buoys,i'd say it's about 80-feet deep. (scigirls) wow! this is my first time at thedive park, i'm very excited. we're all tired,but we're having fun.
i like, 20 times checkedto make sure i had 2 different bootiesthis time. (meg)it's beena long couple of days, but we're having funcollecting all the data. the beach is thata way. where's a meteron your bodysuit? for me, it's from my fingertipsto right around here. i'm not gonna do free hair,i'm gonna tie my hair back today.it just gets in my way.
now mine's all wet. (swak!) (izzie)hm! so this isthe protected reef. i wonder if we'llsee more fish here. (meg)so we took our firsttransect dive data, and there's actuallya lot more blacksmith, we saw some blacksmith,and pretty much it was the same amount of garibaldiand giant kelp. we saw a few kelp bass,not many invertebrates though,
but that could changewhen we go scuba diving. (elle)i saw a few urchinswhen i dove down. i saw a ton of garibaldi.i saw 17 garibaldi. i didn't really counthow many blacksmith, so i just said a bigschool of blacksmith. (meg)the actual transect divetook about 3 minutes. (elle)i was thinking maybe it was 5. yeah, see, mine was alittle bit shorter than usual. i think i sped it upa little bit.
any reasons why youmight've been speeding up? (meg)the surgecould be one thing. it was really surgyin one area, and the line wasmoving back and forth. so that could'vesped up our data. it was not as clearas it can be here. usually here it's crystal clear,but it was a little hazy. hi. i'm meg.(izzie) hi meg! (meg)blackie is the grumpy one.
sometimes i'm kind of theoutsider of my family though, just because they'reall big horse people. i like the chickens the best. they're my favorite--they're so entertaining! but if you ever wearbright red nail polish, they will attack your hands--it's the funniest thing. (izzie) note to self: don't wearred nail polish around chickens. (meg) i've been playing clubsoccer for 5 years. we live in the middle of nowhere,
but i like it here. that's a plus, that'sa big plus. bye! all you wrote is "big school." how am i supposed to knowhow much that is? i couldn't count them all. (meg)we are averaging upall of the fish that we saw. so we're going to takeall of our averages and put it into a chartto see the numbers of fish compared to a protected areaversus an unprotected area.
now we're doing garibaldi. 11, 9, 10, 17, 10 kelp bass. 4, 1, 2. (meg)i'm going todivide everything by 6. the 6 is becausei did 3 transect dives, and she did 3 transect dives,so you add them all together because we're puttingall of our data together. next isgiant kelp. 7. next is gorgonian. zero.
sheephead. numbers. zero. (elle) zero.(meg) it's all zero. zero plus zero plus zeroplus zero plus zero... (meg)i think we workedpretty well together. there were definitelymoments where i was like okay, this is too muchof the little sister, too much of the little sister--it'slike little sister overload! (meg)do you really need to do this?
zero dividedby 6 equals... zero!oh, shocker there! (meg)but then there's times whereit's like i'm having fun. hey elle, look what i found. all right, awesome.we could use that because the paper mighthave been a little small. so we have a very largedry erase board now. these scissors cut weirdon the waterproof paper. because our highest numberfor the averages is 11,
let's only take it up to 15? and there'sthe kelp bass. look at all these colors. wow! giant kelp is,for avalon, 9. gorgonian, avalon. zero. okay, gorgonian,i mean cucumber, avalon. hey ladies,how's it going? hey colleen.
what are you up to here? we made a chart,as you can see, a chart of all of thedata that we've collected over the past few days with youof all the fish and the invertebratesand all these indicator species. i've noticed thatin all of our data, avalon dive park, the green,has a lot more numbers than the lions head has. (izzie)hm, i wonder if that's becausethe dive park is protected?
(elle)well, we figured out since these are the 2 that are fish, there are definitely alower amount of them because, well, i know that thedive park is protected, but that doesn't mean that whenthey're out of the dive park, when they get fish,it doesn't really give them a chanceto come to the dive park. (colleen)right, they're not alwaysstaying in the dive park. they can move in and out--that's a great observation.
(meg)also we talkedabout the weather and how that could've beena large factor of why we did not see many of theseinvertebrates, the urchins, gorgonians, cucumbers,because it was so surgy. and also withthe avalon dive park, there were many other divers that could've kicked upthe bottom. that's a good point. so that could've hurtthe visibility some.
(colleen)do you know whaturchins primarily eat? (meg)kelp, giant kelp. (colleen)great! so these guys are prettymuch sitting on the bottom. they're never going to beswimming around in the water at all,and they're eating seaweed. most of the time they're justgoing to eat drift seaweed that's kind of broken offand is drifting by and they couldjust eat it that way. another indicator speciesis the california sheephead.
any guesses whatthese guys might eat? (elle) kelp too? (colleen) nope.(meg) urchins? (colleen)yup, they'regoing to eat urchins. when the sheepheadget to be pretty big, they can actually eat urchins. they also eat other hard thingslike crabs and things like that. so if we fish outa lot of our sheephead, if we reduce thenumbers of sheephead, what's going to happento our other populations?
the urchin is goingto grow numerously, and then it's going toeat all the giant kelp, and then the giant kelpis going to go down, then any animal that eatsgiant kelp is going to die because they don'thave any food. (meg)plus giant kelp also giveshelter to many animals. so if the kelpand the sheephead-- it's kind of likea domino effect. so it's all interrelated...that's what i was gonna say.
the domino effect--if we take one, even just one pieceof this giant web out of order, then we're going to haveimplications down the line. okay. so ladies,now that we have all of our data put together,we can go ahead and enter itin the reef check database. we'll enter ouravalon data first. (meg)in lions head, there werenot as many indicator species as there were in avalon.
we saw a greater amount ofindicator species at avalon. (scigirls) let's scuba! this is the bc.it's a buoyancy compensator. you can inflate it anddeflate it to make you float, bob on the surface. when you deflate it,the weight of the tank and your weight beltmakes you sink down. (meg)i think we'll have a muchgreater chance of seeing sea cucumbers,urchins, and gorgonians
because we have theopportunity to go to the bottom and move things aroundand actually search for them. getting ready for scuba diving,putting on the wet suit, putting on your bc, everything, or even snorkeling, just puttingon the wet suit, it's pretty much the most challengingpart of the entire dive just because youdefinitely work up a sweat. fins on, regulator,not your snorkel-- just makes ita little easier.
then you'll wait for a wave,you'll pop out one at a time, swim out to me, give the okay,then the next one will go. whoever is going first. i want to seesome of the gorgonians and urchins and cucumbers because we were not ableto see those while snorkeling. (meg)when you go scuba diving, youforget about how cold you are or how tired you arebecause you're so focused on oh my gosh, look what'saround me, it's so amazing!
you get up close and personalwith these animals and plants. (elle)when we went down,we definitely saw some urchins, some gorgonians. (meg)we even sawsome sheephead. just the way the beautyis presented to you while scuba diving,it can get your attention, and you want tolearn more about it. i mean, if marine biology wasnot as beautiful work as it was, then i doubt so many peoplewould be interested in it.
(elle)i think that's really cool because we'reactually helping people and doing actual datathat's going to help people and be on an official websiteto see how our reefs are doing and how our fish are doing. i think it's goingto be really cool. (izzie)cool as a cucumber! a sea cucumber, that is. so you went throughthe latest teen magazines
and found 3 indicatorclothing items. yup, just likeyou said to. so if you have all of them, i think it's safe to sayyou're a "fashion do." all right, i'm ready! okay, do you havea striped scarf? ah, i'm pretty sure i do. yup, uh-huh, here. sweet.
okie-dokie.how about plaid shorts? oh, totally. got 'em! fine. here comesthe tough one though, polka-dotted sneakers. ha! ta-dah! got 'em! seems to me, if you've gotthe indicator fashion items, you're good to go. yea!
huh, you know, togetherthese would make a fab outfit. yeah, i don't thinkwearing them all together is quite what the fashionistashad in mind. you know, jake,i don't think i care. whoa! that's, ah... unique. (izzie laughs)yeah, it is, isn't it? and i don't even carewhat that means. to me it's a good thing.
♪ ta-dah! ♪ i've been calling her "titi"since she was born. i've been called "megala." "meggie, peggie,puddin' in a pie!" this is going on tv! titi is loco, annoying. friendly. i'll put sweet in.or something nice. meg is...
...nice and sweetand one word, "nweet." neat-aroo...neat-o! stop laughing! sloppy! (laughs) don't hug me. ow! (scigirls) we decided to builda basking turtle platform. we wanted to learn what wecould do about the population. i'm holding a snapping turtle!ahh! (snap!) this week at archaeology camp
we're trying to find out aboutthe fremont people. climbing! i can't wait to start trying to findthese artifacts. i thought it was nothinguntil i started digging. we're going to set upour own mini wind farm. we were just really awestruck at the size of these hugewind turbines. wind power. yeah! (woman) math, science,and curious young minds.
they're our future. that's why exxon mobile andformer astronaut sally ride created the sally ridescience academy to help teachers inspireour students so they may become the scientistsand engineers of tomorrow. hey there! hi! the scigirls websiteis off the hook! you can set up a profile,find new friends, create a pagefor your science project,
watch scigirls videos,and have fun! so come on-- be a scigirlon pbskidsgo.org see you there! bye! cc--armour captioning & tpt
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